Goals amid regional change1 uprisings and political change in the arab world challenge many of the assumptions that have long informed u. Africa as a whole is projected by the international monetary fund to be the worlds secondfastestgrowing economy to 2020. Other arab spring literature emphasizes particular structural and institutional features of mena countries such as. The name arab spring is a reference to the revolutions of 1848also known as the peoples springwhen political upheavals swept europe. Similar to most regions of the world, the middle east was first framed by. Due to the recent nature of these events, the scholarly and academic discourse is still developing, and there is fairly limited data and analysis of the role of social media in the arab spring.
What are the main points of consensus in the analysis of the arab spring about the factors that led to it and. An index of unrest in the arab world by the economist online, february 9, 2011. Because of its extensive oases, treelines avenues and. Therefore this novel can be categorized as a historical fiction. Is focus on the syrian arab spring revolution that started on march 15, 2011, as a foundation of tacit and explicit. Pdf the arab spring its impact on the region and on the middle. Even when recognized on paper, they are rarely respected in practice. The robes allow for maximum circulation of air around the body to help keep it cool, and the head dress provides protection from the sun. Pdf the transformations broadly grouped under the term arab spring have shaken the foundations of a variety of. Located some 160 km east of the city of abu dhabi, al ain covers a total area of,100 square km. The idea of regional integration among arab countries has been pursued for decades through the league of arab states, with efforts dating. Arab dress for men ranges from the traditional flowing robes to blue jeans, tshirts and western business suits. United arab emirates, emirate of abu dhabi al ain date palm.
Discourse analysis of the political speeches of the ousted arab presidents during the arab spring revolution uing halliday and hasans framework of cohesion wala almajali abstract this study is designed to explore the salient linguistic features of the political speeches of the ousted arab presidents during the arab spring revolution. To answer this question a comparative analysis is made of arab countries during the arab. The impact of the arab spring concerns protests or by the way attempts to organize growing protest movements that were inspired by or similar to the arab spring in the arabmajority states of north africa and the middle east, according to commentators, organisers, and critics. Potential implications for international terrorism and counterterrorism policy 14 governments of the arab world. Willis currently director of the prestigious middle east centre at st. This is an interesting index of unrest based off of the factors present in the initial arab spring. Because national security is seen as inextricably tied to economic and social development, the uae government has attempted to. By early 2011 they had spread into what became known as the arab springa wave of protests, uprisings, and unrest that spread across arabicspeaking countries in. As work on the quadrangles progressed, geologist, companies, and governments working in areas adjacent to the kingdom. Shifting a peaceful arab spring into terrorism, by major hasan harkous, 7 pages. Literature on the arab spring uprisings, as well as that on nationalism, revolutions, and transitions broadly, indicates that while there has not yet been a central focus on nationalism as a variable affecting countries trajectories in the arab spring, this is potentially a crucial and fruitful linkage to explore. Proposal from the united arab emirates for the designation under the giahs program of. Parsing arab spring northwestern university in qatar.
Government of the united arab emirates countrylocationsite. Arab spring is a political concept that spread widely in the media and academic art publications. Pdf this chapter presents a timely and critical account of the arab uprisings from. Fuel quality roadmap for arab states centre for environment and development in the arab region and europe cedare. Fouad ajami throughout 2011, a rhythmic chant echoed across the arab lands. Similar to most regions of the world, the middle east was first framed by strategic considerations and military. Its now six years since the arab spring, a period which shone a light on the rise of social media in the middle east and north africa mena. Purchase the future of the arab spring 1st edition.
Arab countries severely curtail the political rights of all their citizens, men and women. Causes, consequences, and implications if, one day, a people desire to live, then fate will answer their call. In egypt, protests and strikes began on january 25, 2011. Antonys college, oxford university effortlessly guides the reader through scholarly. Collaborate with others to understand events of the arab spring in the middle east and explain them to others using various visual and written forms of communication. It coincides with the american strategy of constraining iran from expanding its influence in the energyrich persian gulf region. To be an arab, like an american, is a cultural trait rather than racial. The saudis were on the defensive, and the arab spring, especially with the fall of the mubarak. Causes, consequences, and perspectives foreword this paper is an extended summary of a panel discussion with rami khouri on the topic of the arab uprisings auses, onsequences, and perspectives. Algeria, tunisia and morocco from independence to the arab spring by dr. Arab spring the responsibility to protect and a selective international response cansu atilgan t hroughout history the international community has witnessed many massacres, simply looking on while most of them occurred. The future of the arab spring 1st edition elsevier.
The arab spring refers to a period of protests beginning on december 18, 2010 in tunisia, which quickly spread to numerous other arab nations and resulted in regime change in tunisia, libya, egypt, and yemen, and repression andor violence in syria, bahrain, sudan, and elsewhere. Apr 26, 2011 the struggle for middle east democracy shadi hamid tuesday, april 26, 2011. United arab emirates geography, climate and population geography the united arab emirates uae is a federation of seven emirates. Describe the general events of the arab spring and the specific events in at least one middle east country.
Its causes and consequences 3 arab countries barany, 2011. Arab spring, wave of prodemocracy protests and uprisings that took place in the middle east and north africa beginning in 2010, challenging some of the regions entrenched authoritarian regimes. The role of social media in political mobilisation. Later, similar rebellions followed in libya, bahrain, syria and yemen. Arab countries due to fuel adulteration and smuggling operations to neighboring countries causing economic losses, especially in countries of high subsidies e. There are so many events in the text that are almost identical to the factual data that the historical truth can prove. In parallel to the arab spring, in 2012, the us and the european union imposed the most comprehensive international sanctions programme yet seen against iran.
Rethinking western policies in light of the arab uprisings. Much of the analyses of german reactions to the arab spring uprisings have focused on germanys contentious decision relating to libya. Despite withdrawal of us forces from iraq, kuwait along with qatar has remained an important regional hub, with. While public and private organizations have undoubtedly come a long way in the development of more sustainable mediatelecommunications. It skipped borders with ease, carried in newspapers and magazines, on twitter and facebook, on the airwaves of al. In partners, come up with a definition of what you think the arab spring is. Any person who adopts the arabic language is typically called an arab. Which features of society can explain the largescale protests in the arab spring. For over a year, more than 500 delegates labored to produce proposals to resolve persistent regional divisions within yemen and the grievances of the zaydi majority population of the northwestern highlands.
In many ways the outcome of the arab spring is still in flux three years on. This concept is used as an indication to a wide range of uprisings in the middle east and north africa mena region during the past two years. The events of 2011 known as the arab spring have the potential to. Only three arab countries do not recognize the right of women to vote and to stand for elections. Germany and the arab spring timo behr th october 2012 on the wrong side of history. The arab spring at one a year of living dangerously foreign affairs thursday, march 1, 2012 author. Policy congressional research service 1 enduring u. It will be some time before the dust settles and the new political shape of the region is known. The struggle for middle east democracy shadi hamid tuesday, april 26, 2011. At the height of international interest in the first arab spring, egypt experienced the largest prodemocracy. The role of language in the arab spring a thesis submitted to the faculty of the graduate school of arts and sciences of georgetown university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of arts in arab studies by nazir nader harb. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
Understanding local drivers of violent extremism in tunisia. Nahid afrose kabir 1 he arab spring was a civil uprising mainly of arab youths in tunisia and egypt which commenced in december 2010 and january 2011 respectively. And culture from 911 to the arab spring 25 31 the perception of the west towards the arab muslims post 911 25 a islamic terrorism 27 b categorization 27 31 the arab spring in the western media 28 32 the event of 911 in the arab muslims media 31 34 the impact of the arab spring on the image of the west in the arab muslim. The arab spring at one a year of living dangerously. And their night will then begin to fade, and their chains break and fall. Relations historically, egypt has been an important country for u. The wests response to the arab spring would make a perfect case. Digital is growing faster in the middle east than anywhere else in the world, simon kemp, founder of kepios, told. By far the largest emirate is abu dhabi and abu dhabi city is the capital of both the emirate and the whole country. Pdf the middle east and north africa mena have long been laden with tensions and instabilities. The arab nationalism has grown since the last part of the ottoman empire. Iri conducted an additional focus group discussion with young male community members who exhibited traditionally conservative religious.
Kuwait is a major non nato ally and the country served as a base for over 20,000 us troops during the iraq war. Demonstrators expressing political and economic grievances faced violent crackdowns by. Marxist circles and parties set up in the arab world with moscows help had little influence, and local liberation movements did not depend on the bolsheviks. Additionally we will explore the possibility of any connections terrorist groups may have to the popular uprisings and the affects the arab spring will have counter terrorism policy in the region. Arab spring research guide and notes sheet targets. Liberation theology brown 1990 as a radical movement in the context of.
Here, i am only discussing the formal political rights of women. Thi s researc h articl e attempts to scrutinize the nature and cause s of the ara b uprising s which too k people by surpris e globall y throughou t 2011 and int o 2012. The impact of the negative perception of islam in the. Egypt controls the suez canal, which is one of the worlds most wellknown maritime chokepoints, linking the. The question that guides the research in my thesis, then, is the following. Civic entrepreneurship lies at the heart of the arab spring. It began in response to oppressive regimes and a low standard of living, starting with protests in tunisia noueihed, 2011. The roots and causes of the 2011 arab uprisings kamal eldin osman salih abstract. Arab spring uprising against president salehs government in 2011. In the desert enclave of al ain, which means the spring in arabic, water underlies all forms of life, from date palms to camels, having been the source of life for more than 3000 years. The uaes evolving national security strategy 4 arab region, allowing the free practice of all religions and increasingly integrating women into social and political leadership roles and the workforce. Arab spring provoked, particularly the role of the media new and otherwise in empowering and even causing the uprisings. In the arab countries, the total cost of production of different grades of cleaner fuels of the. Concern over supplies following the start of the arab spring was a major reason behind this increase.
Germany and the muslim brotherhood by guido steinberg germanys policy toward the muslim brotherhood has included a domestic and a foreign policy dimension ever since the first brothers arrived in germany during the 1950s. This was the most relatively stable period since the first few years of the century. The arab spring represented a rejection of the secular, socialist, panarabism, nationalist, military regimes that had come to power in the period from the 1950s through the 1970s, and which have since devolved into little more that corrupt, crony governments ruling by brute force and a pervasive security apparatus. Arab spring in tunisia and how the movement spread throughout the region. Abu dhabi, dubai, shariqah, ras al khaymah, fujayrah, umm al qaywayn and ajman. Using arab spring is really general will really need to break this down, especially since it played out differently in different countries.
Necessary and sufficient variables for protests in the arab spring. Towards an arab approach for the sustainable development goals. A middle east point of view winter 2012 31 the regional media industry remains in a phase of development, especially when considering the impact of social media during the arab spring. To this extent, many of irans foreign policy actions are similar to those undertaken by the shah of iran and prior iranian dynasties. The present descriptive study examines the islamic states is use of social media to launch its message and expand its propaganda to the world. Along with the decrease in production, the demographic boom was also responsible for increasing unemployment. But, beyond that, the delegates to the most representative. Although german policymakers do not seem to have seen any connection between the two fields of action, policies in. At the eve of the arab spring, one out of four egyptians and tunisians young was out of employment.
The arab spring in egypt religious literacy project. Salient in this regard is the role being played by islam in politics and the search among all north africans for cultural authenticity, democracy, and justice throughout the region as it enters the more and more fully globalized setting of the twentyfirst century. To that end, the next section advances on the chosen theoretical approach, the subsequent. However, in the second half of the last century, in the arab world we could talk about an explosion of panarabism events. The arab world includes muslims, christians and jews. Included are the results of a bibliometric study that compared the frequency in which various descriptors appeared in major englishlanguage news sources. A bumpy road ahead pdf by hassan hakimian, director of the london middle east institute and reader, economics department, soas underscores the underlying importance of the economic conditions facing the new republics, such as egypt and tunisia, which are emerging as a result of the arab spring.
This is not to imply that there is a lack of information. Egyptian revolution, also known as arab spring or arab uprising, was a shock for international community because egypt has been seen as one of the strongest military state in north africa region. The arab region is unique in the world it has a common language and shared culture and history and a longstanding record of cooperation and collaboration between arab countries. Many decisions made under international law concerning a large number of atrocities committed are controversial. Germany and the muslim brotherhood by guido steinberg. Michael willis is a singlevolume guide to the postindependence high politics of the three core countries of the maghreb.
The situation began to change after world war ii, when, flush with vic. Discourse analysis of the political speeches of the ousted. To be an arab, is not to come from a particular race or lineage. Because this paper addresses postarab spring regionalism, the focus will be on the state of regionalism in the arab middle east. The rest of africa posted accelerating growth at an average annual rate of 4. The role of language in the arab spring a thesis submitted to the faculty of the graduate school of arts and sciences of georgetown university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of arts in arab studies by nazir nader harb michel, m.
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